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The Moral Virtues Inherent in Yoga
The practice of Yoga induces a primary sense of measure and
proportion. Reduced to our own body, our first instrument, we
learn to play it, drawing from it maximum resonance and harmony.
With unflagging patience we refine and animate every cell as
we return daily to the attack, unlocking and liberating capacities
otherwise condemned to frustration and death
Each unfulfilled area of tissue and nerve, of brain or lung,
is a challenge to our will and integrity, or otherwise a source
of frustration and death
Most of our fundamental attitudes have their counterparts in
the body. Thus comparison and criticism must begin with the
alignment of our own left and right sides
or strength
of will stretching in defiance of gravity. Impetus and ambition
might begin with the sense of weight and speed that comes with
free swinging limbs, instead of with the control of prolonged
balance on foot, feet or hands, which gives poise.
Tenacity is gained by stretching in various yoga postures for
minutes at a time, while calmness comes with quiet, consistent
breathing and the expansion of the lungs. Continuity and a sense
of the universal come with the knowledge of the inevitable alternation
of tension and relaxation in eternal rhythms of which each inhalation
and exhalation constitutes one cycle, wave or vibration amount
the countless myriads, which are the universe.
It (Yoga) is a technique ideally suited to prevent physical
and mental illness and to protect the body generally, developing
an inevitable sense of self-reliance and assurance. By its very
nature its is inextricably associated with universal laws; for
respect for life, truth, and patience are all indispensable
factors in the drawing of a quiet breath, in calmness of mind
and firmness of will
By its very nature it is each time and every moment a living
act.
Yehudi Menhuin
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Are You Breathing?
Throughout time the process of breathing was always considered
inseparable from our health, consciousness, and spirit, and
it is only recently that we have reduced breathing to a mere
respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. In Greek,
psyche pneuma meant breath/soul/air/spirit. In Latin, anima
spiritus, breath/soul. In Japanese, ki, air/spirit; and in Sanskrit,
prana connotes a resonant life force that is at no time more
apparent to us than when that force is extinguished at the moment
of death. In Chinese the character for "breath" (hsi)
is made up of three characters that mean "of the conscious
self or heart." The breath was seen as a force that ran
through mind, body, and spirit like a river running through
a dry valley giving sustenance to everything in its course.
Today our intuition about the potential power of the breath
is firmly embedded in the very structure of our language. We
speak about the breath in common, everyday expressions but it
rarely occurs to us to associate this with our immediate bodily
experience. We say that we need "a breath of fresh air,"
"You take my breath away," "I couldn't catch
my breath," or "I waited with baited breath."
Or exclaim that something was "simply breathtaking!"
We complain of someone "breathing down our neck" and
needing "room to breathe," "breathing a sigh
of relief," or "taking a breather." We tell our
friends "not to breathe a word," and we complain about
being "out of breath." And yet few of us, when faced
with fatigue, illness, or anxiety, look to our breath as a possible
source for regeneration. Because it is right under our noses,
the significance of this ever-renewable source of energy has
escaped our attention.
Most people are not aware that they breathe poorly. Fewer still
are aware of the consequences of restricting this central life
process. From headaches to heart disease and a vast array of
common maladies in between, breathing badly takes its secret
toll. Most significantly, very few people understand the ways
in which they restrict and distort their breathing. Habitually
breathing high into the chest, breathing too fast, and breathing
shallowly are epidemic today.
Breath therapy, sometimes combined with other healing practices
such as biofeedback or yoga, has been found to alleviate (and
sometimes cure) migraine headaches, chronic pain conditions,
hypertension (high blood pressure), epilepsy, asthma, panic
attacks
as well as coronary heart disease. In a pilot study,
progressive muscle relaxation exercises and slow, deep breathing
reduced the incidence of hot flashes by an impressive 50 percent.
We experience the benefits of these chemical, cellular, and
neurological changes on a more subjective level in the way we
feel and think. People who practice open breathing through healing
arts such as tai chi, yoga, or mindful meditation, are rewarded
not only with optimal health; they also seem to have a different
relationship to life's stresses. The are able to remain calm
and centered in the midst of seeming chaos. We speak about such
people as being grounded and centered, having presence of mind
they
have learned to open to each moment as new and different, and
as a result, they are finding new solutions to tenacious problems.
As their minds become clearer and their emotions become more
balanced through calm and regular breathing, they are creating
a life that is conducive to health, well being, and a sense
of inner peace. And not so surprisingly, people who do breathing
practices act and appear much younger than their chronological
age.
Donna Farhi, The Breathing Book
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TRANSFORMATIONAL SPACE
from "Yoga and the Quest for the True Self" by Steven
Cope
A transformational space is an environment made up of webs of
special kinds of relationships, safety, freedom and challenge;
a training environment.
Qualities of effective transformational spaces:
1. They create a quality of refuge.
A place away from the ordinary demands and identities, a place
where it`s understood that "The beginning of wisdom is the
acknowledgement of our own ignorance."(Socrates) We are encouraged
to empty ourselves of our posturing, being the one who `knows`.
We must not be full if we want to be filled, teacher or student.
There is a deep kind of safety in knowing that we are going to
be accepted as we are. Letting go of pretense is frightening,
so there is a ritual of entry that creates a zone of safety carefully
set apart from other aspects of our lives. REGULARLY ACKNOWLEDGE
THAT A PROCESS OF REBIRTH IS HAPPENING AND IN NEED OF PROTECTION.
2. They create safety through constancy in relationship.
A special relationship is created in which THE MENTOR IS CONSTANT,
RELIABLE, NONABANDONING, AND NONREACTIVE TO THE STUDENT. This
allows the student to experience not only the parts of herself
that are already owned and acknowledged but also parts of herself
that are currently hidden and disowned. In this safety the student
can experience her magnificence as well as her limitations. Sharing
these discoveries with a reliable and constant home base promotes
maturity. THINK LOVE, ADMIRATION, TRUST.
3. They encourage creativity and experimentation.
Out of the box thinking...new ways of being... The daily activities
of life are seen as a stage on which to act out the drama of human
development and maturation. Selecting the processes for life's
activities is more important than outcomes.
4. They are organized around "transitional objects" that are constant and reliable.
During transformation certain objects, people, places can become
charged with meaning and for a time even become symbols of transformation
itself. A baby's blanket or a special symbol or a piece of jewelry;
Buddha often used the image of a boat to describe the role of
meditation as the boat that carries us across the river of delusion,
the river of suffering. After it takes us across, we can discard
it. The boat is not the opposite shore, only a vehicle. Yet, while
in midstream we must cling to it for dear life.
5. They do not deify these transitional objects, or themselves.
THE BEST SPACES RECOGNIZE THAT THE PRACTICES AND SYMBOLS OF TRANSFORMATION
ONLY SERVE TO SET INTO MOTION AND SUPPORT THE NORMAL DEVELOPMENT
OF THE HUMAN BEING. The glory, as it were, is given to human nature,
or to God, or to the soul, and not to the transformational environment
itself or any of the leaders. It is our inherent human potential
that is sacred. Teachers are not perfect or all knowing. TEACHERS
SHOULD REPRESENT OUR OWN HIGHEST NATURE AND SHOW US HOW TO EVOKE
OUR ESSENTIAL HUMANNESS. Even the most powerful guides are understood
to be transitional. They must, finally, set the student free to
be herself.
6. They provide us with a way of finding out who we are.
The best environments avoid telling us who we are. They support
us in finding out who we are by providing techniques and practices
that give us full, direct, and immediate experiences of ourselves.
THE BEST TRANSFORMATIONAL SPACES ARE CONCERNED WITH TRUTH AND
CLEAR SEEING, AND PROMULGATE NOT DOCTRINES OR BELIEFS, BUT WAYS
OF EXPLORING REALITY DIRECTLY.
7. They do not have to be perfect.
'Good-enough' will do. The intoxicating idealism of thinking there
is a 'perfect way' only promotes delusion and a kind of grandiosity
that is counterproductive to the maturing personality. It ignores
the limitations, vulnerabilities or the dark side in us all. The
very moments we're closest to change are often times we're vulnerable
to giving ourselves away to a promise of perfection, the family
we never had.
8. They are open to, and support other paths to development.
"Every mature human being must have more than one church".
The best spaces help support any other learning or self-expressive
processes in which the student was previously engaged, helping
musicians become better musicians, deepening one's faith in one's
own religion, adding proficiency at many levels. Be wary of any
space that claims exclusive rights to our time, energy or money.
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Self-Actualized Beings
Have purpose, vision, and written goals
See current reality as an ally, not an enemy
Are constantly and deeply inquisitive
Are connected to life and others but remain unique
Realize they are a part of a larger creative process they influence
but don't control
Remain in a continual learning mode, never arriving
Understand life is a process, a lifelong discipline
Find a way to be acutely aware of their ignorance and incompetence
while maintaining a strong sense of self-esteem
See the journey as the reward
Hold deep values and commit to larger goals than the self
Continually strive for an accurate picture of reality
Develop a capacity for delayed gratification
Tell the truth
Allow the subconscious to do its job.
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ZEN...
Zen is beyond words, a direct experience of the way things are,
a personal journey to enlightenment at the end of which the seeker
finds he is not a person and there was no journey.
Zen is knowing the mind, without using thought, living one's
life by letting it live itself, choosing to have no preferences,
becoming extraordinary by being nothing special at all. To understand
Zen is to embrace paradox- to find the oneness that contains all
opposites. Zen masters are sacrilegious and outrageous. They ridicule
Zen teachings and each other because enlightenment is not something
that can be taught, but only directly experienced for oneself.
Zen cannot be understood by the mind, because it is about becoming
aware of the mind itself.
These thoughts from the great Zen masters are not clever theories
or philosophies, they are medicine. We suffer from the illness
of the illusion of separateness. We believe that the world is
full of discrete things, when in fact it is all one interconnected
whole. We experience ourselves as conscious skin-bags living a
transitory mortal life, when in fact we are the eternal mind of
the universe.
Separateness is the sickness, and Zen is the cure. The entire
world is a doorway to freedom, but people don't want to pass through.
Zen is piling fresh fruit in a basket without a bottom. Zen is
enjoying the ever-changing richness of existence. It is wonderment
in the face of the miracle of life. It is witnessing things as
they are. The holy man questioned for enjoying sex and money says
he did it because, "So few are truly grateful for them."
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A Psalm of Life
Tell me not in mournful numbers, life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers, and things are not what
they seem.
Life is real! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal;
Dust thou are, to dust returnest, was not spoken of the soul.
Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, is our destined end or way;
But to act, that each tomorrow find us farther than today.
Art is long, and time is fleeting, and our hearts, though stout
and brave,
Still, like muffled drums, are beating funeral marches to the
grave.
In the world's broad field of battle, in the bivouac of life,
Be not like dumb, driven cattle! Be a hero in the strife!
Trust no future, howe'er pleasant! Let the dead past bury its
dead!
Act, - act in the living present! Heart within and God o'erhead!
Lives of great ones all remind us we can make our life sublime,
And departing, leave behind us footprints on the sand of time;
Footprints, that perhaps another, sailing o'er life's solemn
main,
A forlorn and shipwrecked other, seeing shall take heart again.
Let us then be up and doing, with a heart for any fate;
Still achieving, still pursuing, learn to labor and to wait.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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IF
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, not deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;
If you can dream - and not make dreams your master;
If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with triumph and disaster
And treat those two imposters just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,
And stoop and build 'em up with wornout tools;
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on!"
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings - nor lose the common touch;
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;
If all count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run -
Yours is the earth and everything that's in it,
And - which is more - you'll be a self-realized [sic] one!
Rudyard Kipling
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Yoga has lasted thousands of years because it works
Hatha Yoga involves moving the body into different and novel positions and relationships. These changes in the use of the body bring about changes in the mind. Rather that trying to effect the mind directly, which is far more difficult, Hatha Yoga allows us to work from the tangible, familiar arena of the physical body.
…In using the body to transform the mind, the body is also transformed. It is recalibrated, revitalized, harmonized; brought to a functional peak, both anatomically and physiologically… It is these physical benefits that make it so popular. But, because these incidental physical benefits are connected to the intended psychological benefits, Hatha Yoga has a remarkable capacity to deliver far more than one might originally intend. Looking for a lithe, slim body, we also find a calm, clear mind. Hoping for strength and stamina, we also find increased determination and concentration. Wanting to be free of back pain, we find also freedom from compulsive anxiety. Seeking relief from asthma, we find also unlimited reserves of physical and mental energy. Trying to release tight shoulders and a stiff neck, we find also a new find of enthusiasm and joy.
Our ability to engage directly, fully and freely with the dynamic of life is hindered by deep layers of tension. Rigidity and inflexibility in body and mind restricts us to a limited range of responses to life. Hatha Yoga is designed to free us from all limitations.
Hatha Yoga is a remarkably fruitful process. Its practical aim is deep self-acceptance… it acts as a mirror to reveal to us exactly what we are on every level of our being. We can then use this revelation to harmonize these different aspects of ourselves, and live our lives from the rich, integrated wholeness of our being.
Dynamic Yoga, Godfrey Devereux
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Willing to experience aloneness,
I discover connection everywhere;
Turning to face my fear,
I meet the warrior who lives within;
Opening to my loss,
I am given unimaginable gifts;
Surrendering into emptiness,
I find fullness without end.
Each condition I flee from pursues me.
Each condition I welcome transforms me
And becomes in itself transformed
Into its radiant jewel-like essence.
I bow to the one who has made it so,
Who has crafted this Master Game;
To play it is pure delight,
To honor it is true devotion.
By Jennifer Welwood
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The Way Of Transformation
The one who, being really on the Way, falls upon hard times in the world will not, as a consequence, turn to that friend who offers him refuge and comfort and encourages his old self to survive. Rather he will seek out someone who will faithfully and inexorably help him to risk himself, so that he may endure the suffering and pass courageously through it, thus making of it a "raft that leads to the far shore". Only to the extent that a man exposes himself over and over again to annihilation, can that which is indestructible arise within him. In this lies the dignity of daring.
Thus, the aim of practice is not to develop an attitude, which allows a man to acquire a state of harmony and peace wherein nothing can ever trouble him. On the contrary, practice should teach him to let himself be assaulted, perturbed, moved, insulted, broken and battered - that is to say, it should enable him to let go his futile hankering after harmony, surcease from pain, and a comfortable life in order that he may discover, in doing battle with the forces that oppose him, that which awaits him beyond the world of opposites.
The first necessity is that we should have the courage to face life, and to encounter all that is perilous in the world. When this is possible, meditation itself becomes the means by which we accept and welcome the demons, which arise from the unconscious – a process very different from the practice of concentration on some object as a protection against such forces. Only if we venture repeatedly through zones of annihilation can our contact with Divine Being, which is beyond annihilation, become firm and stable. The more we learn whole-heartedly to confront the world that threatens us with isolation, the more are the depths of the Ground of Being revealed and the possibilities of new life and Becoming opened.
Karlfried Graf von Durkheim
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“Yoga cultivates cardiovascular health, and musculoskeletal strength and flexibility. Yoga tunes up every organ system – respiratory, digestive, reproductive, lymphatic, and nervous. It cultivates the body’s capacity to heal and dramatically reduces the negative effects of stress. With regular practice, we breathe better. We sleep. We digest our food better. We feel better.
Many experience moments of sharply increased mental focus and clarity…energy and stamina, emotional evenness and equanimity…a profound sense of well-being…and there are the not infrequent stories of truly miraculous healings – physical, emotional, spiritual.”
Stephen Cope, Yoga and the Quest for the True Self
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